Xiaqiong Monastery, located in Chafu Township, northwest of Hualong Hui Autonomous County, Haidong City, Qinghai Province, was first built in 1349 (the ninth year of the Yuan Dynasty's Zhizheng era). It was the place where Tsongkhapa, the founder of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, studied and discussed Buddhist scriptures as a child, and is one of the most famous Gelug monasteries in Qinghai.
Built against the mountainside, Xiaqiong Monastery covers a total area of 270,000 square meters, comprising 27 building complexes of varying sizes, more than 2,260 halls and monks' quarters, and 26 wooden buildings. Since its founding, eleven halls have been built, including the Hall of the Bodhisattva of Wonderful Sound, the Maitreya Hall, the Golden Roof Hall, the Atisha Hall, the Vajra Buddha Hall, the Supporting Buddha Hall, the Incense Offering Hall, the Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Hall, the River-Watching Maitreya Hall, the Mountain Buddha Hall, and the Protector Deity Hall, forming an ancient architectural complex combining Han and Tibetan artistic styles.
On March 5, 2013, Xiaqiong Monastery was designated as a National Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit (seventh batch) by the State Council of the People's Republic of China.
Xiaqiong Monastery was founded by Chokyi Gyaltsen, the mentor of Tsongkhapa. Originally a Kadampa monastery, it converted to the Gelug school after Tsongkhapa founded it, along with other Kadampa monasteries. Due to its connection with Tsongkhapa, it is often referred to as the "Source of the Gelug School."
Xiaqiong Monastery is situated with Babaoshan Mountain to the north, resembling a yellow tortoise crouching behind; the Yellow River to the south, like a blue dragon swimming in front; Jiangru Mountain to the east, like a gray tiger lying on its left; and Dorfu Mountain to the west, like a red bird soaring on its right. The east, west, and north sides are surrounded by overlapping peaks, with the Iron Rope Ridge running north-south, resembling a camel caravan winding southwards. The southern cliff is hundreds of feet high and exceptionally precipitous… Because the cliff behind the monastery resembles a vulture spreading its wings, it is called "Xiaqiong Monastery."
The Living Buddha of Xiaqiong Monastery, Choktsang Hutuktu, is considered the reincarnation of Chokyi Dondrup Rinchen. According to the *History of Politics and Religion in Amdo*, when Choktsang Rinpoche Awang Thubten Shih-shu first visited the monastery, he said in the Great Buddha Hall, "I have placed a vajra and a bell here." He then plucked the vajra and bell from the lotus stem in the hand of a Bodhisattva statue; these had originally been placed there by Chokyi Dondrup Rinchen. Subsequently, successive Choktsang Hutuktu were revered as the abbots of Xiaqiong Monastery, becoming the highest-ranking Living Buddha in the area. Emperor Qianlong personally conferred this title and bestowed a golden seal upon them.
Xiaqiong Monastery integrates the Yellow River landscape, natural scenery, and Tibetan Buddhist culture; it not only allows visitors to appreciate the grandeur of the "Nine Bends of the Yellow River" and the beauty of nature, but also to understand and appreciate the profound depth of Tibetan Buddhism.