The Daxuexi Alley Mosque: A Centuries-Old Symbol of Harmony in Xi’an

#cityplaybook Nestled in the heart of Xi’an’s Muslim Quarter, the Daxuexi Alley Mosque (大学习巷清真寺) stands as one of China’s oldest and most culturally significant Islamic sites. With a history stretching back over 1,300 years, it reflects the longstanding harmony between Chinese and Islamic traditions. Origins and Historical Significance Built during the Tang Dynasty (possibly as early as 705 AD), the mosque traces its roots to China’s earliest exchanges with the Islamic world via the Silk Road. Its construction is traditionally linked to Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas, a companion of the Prophet Muhammad, who is said to have visited China during Emperor Gaozong’s reign. While historical evidence for this is debated, the mosque undoubtedly served Xi’an’s Hui Muslim community—a thriving minority shaped by centuries of trade and cultural exchange. Unlike the more famous Great Mosque of Xi’an (which blends Islamic and Chinese architectural styles), Daxuexi Alley Mosque adopts a simpler, more functional design. Its modest exterior belies a richly symbolic interior, featuring Arabic calligraphy, traditional Chinese courtyards, and carved Qur’anic inscriptions. Cultural Fusion and Resilience The mosque’s architecture mirrors the Hui people’s unique identity: prayer halls face Mecca, while decor incorporates Chinese floral motifs and Arabic script. Over the centuries, it survived wars, dynastic changes, and the Cultural Revolution—thanks to local efforts to preserve it as both a religious and historical landmark. Anecdotes from the Ming Dynasty highlight its role as a community hub. One story tells of Admiral Zheng He, the Muslim eunuch explorer, who reportedly prayed here before his voyages. Though unverified, such tales underscore the mosque’s symbolic ties to China’s multicultural past. The Mosque Today Today, Daxuexi Alley remains active for daily prayers, attracting both worshippers and visitors. Its annual observance of Eid al-Fitr transforms the surrounding streets into a vibrant festival of lamb skewers, saffron rice, and crescent moon pastries—a testament to the enduring Hui culture. A Legacy of Coexistence The mosque’s story is one of adaptation and mutual respect. It exemplifies how Islam took root in China not through conquest, but via dialogue and commerce. For historians, it’s a living archive; for locals, a spiritual anchor; and for travelers, a glimpse into Xi’an’s inclusive soul.