The three-zhang-tall Buddha resides in the Three-Brick Hall, and the bell of Xinghua Temple tolls through the mountain valley
The Xinghua Zen Temple, which is said to have had the Buddha before the hall, is located on the eastern foothills of Yunlong Mountain in Xuzhou City. Originally named Shifo Temple, it was established due to the carving of a large stone Buddha during the Northern Wei Dynasty.
The exact year of the Buddha's carving, as recorded in the 'Xuzhou Annals', is the first year of the Zhengping era (AD 451) of the Northern Wei Dynasty, but later research indicates it was the tenth year of the 'Taihe' era (AD 486) under Emperor Xiaowen. Initially carved into a cliff, the Buddha's head was sculpted in the open air, with a square face and large ears, eyes closed in a gentle smile, and a dignified appearance. It has been referred to as 'Buddha Head Rock' and has a history of over 1,500 years.
In the thirty-first year of the Hongwu era of the Ming Dynasty (1398), the high monk Shengji built structures around the mountain, centering on the stone Buddha and constructing the Great Buddha Hall. It was destroyed by fire in the seventh year of the Xuande era, and to protect the stone Buddha from erosion, 'the body of the stone Buddha was adorned with real gold to complete its color and form.' Additional buildings such as the mountain gate, the Hall of Heavenly Kings, the meditation hall, and the scripture tower were constructed, and by the Wanli era, the temple complex had formed, surrounded by ancient trees and imbued with a deep sense of Zen.
The 'Small Hall over the Great Buddha' is a feature of Xinghua Zen Temple. The stone Buddha is approximately three zhang and six chi tall (about 11.52 meters). During the Kangxi era of the Qing Dynasty, the arms and chest were further carved, and it is now the only remaining ancient stone sculpture in Xuzhou. The hall covering the large stone Buddha was built along the mountain cliff, and although not small in area, it is called the 'Three-Brick Hall over the Three-Zhang Buddha' because there are only three layers of bricks under the eaves of the back wall. It is acclaimed as a Zen spectacle, and on the cliff walls beside the great stone Buddha, there are about a thousand small stone Buddha carvings, leading to the saying, 'The niches form the structure, and the carved peaks form the figure.'
The bell and drum tower of Xinghua Zen Temple was built during the Xuande era of the Ming Dynasty, beside the two mountain walls of the main hall. Unlike the typical bell and drum towers, which are small and exquisite, the drum tower exists without a drum, and the bell tower hangs an iron bell from the third year of Xuande, weighing about three tons. The 'bell sound of the temple' is a scenic highlight of Yunlong Mountain.
In 1993, when the new Great Buddha Hall was built, a group of Buddhist niches from the Tang and Song dynasties were unearthed, buried deep underground. The niches vary in form, including single and double-layered niches, with combinations of themes such as a Buddha with two Bodhisattvas, Vaisravana, Bodhisattvas with donors, etc. The lively sculptures reflect everyday Buddhism, and visitors can immerse themselves in admiration as if transported to a mysterious Buddhist realm. There are 195 niches, and a protective room has been specially set up for visitors to view. Mr. Zhao Puchu, the president of the Buddhist Association of China, inscribed the words 'Tang and Song Dynasty Cliff Stone Carvings.'
Reaching the top of Xinghua Zen Temple, one can enjoy the picturesque scenery of Yunlong Lake, search for ancient traces, and recall the friendship between Su Shi, who served as the prefect of Xuzhou, and the hermit Zhang Tianji. They would release cranes every morning, and Su Shi wrote 'Record of Releasing the Cranes,' which was included in 'Guwen Guanzhi.' To the west of the pavilion is the Drinking Crane Spring (originally named Shifo Well), and more than 10 meters away stands the Crane-Inviting Pavilion. The spring and pavilion have coexisted for over a thousand years, with poems and wine celebrating the pavilion. 'Famous mountains and noble scholars rely on each other, and people and places support one another.' Visitors can leisurely explore the past, discuss Su Shi's life experiences, and recite his poetry: 'The myriad trees lock in the Yunlong, ... and the drunken eyes see the way home.'
Yunlong Mountain, Yunlong Lake, and Xinghua Temple complement each other, with the water reflecting the ancient temple. The temple fair of Yunlong Mountain is held annually on the 19th day of the second lunar month, with folk activities that originated during the Kangxi era of the Qing Dynasty, over 300 years ago. It is a collective memory for the people of Xuzhou, mainly focusing on Buddhist worship and based on Han culture, highlighting the excellent traditional Chinese culture and the local characteristics of Xuzhou.