Yellow from plant dye: planting gardenia is as profitable as being a marquis!
In traditional China, plants that can be used to dye yellow include gardenia, rehmannia, yellow dock, amur cork tree, turmeric, pagoda tree flower, and turmeric.
Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, gardenia has been the main material for dyeing yellow. In the Han Dynasty, gardenia and madder, which is used to dye red, became economic crops. "A thousand mu of gardenia and madder, a thousand mu of ginger and leek, are equal to a marquis." It can be seen that the social status and economic income of farmers who planted these dye materials were equal to that of a marquis.
In the pre-Qin period, turmeric was a tribute. Wine made from wheat mixed with turmeric was called "yellow wine" and was used on important occasions such as ancestral temple sacrifices.
Jincao, commonly known as green bamboo or emperor grass, was often used in ancient times to dye green with indigo. The Book of Songs says, "I picked green all morning, but not enough to fill a basket" and "Green clothes, yellow skirts."
The Northern Wei Dynasty's Essential Techniques for the Welfare of the People records the process of using amur cork tree to dye paper to prevent insects, called "dyeing huang" or "entering huang," from which the term "decoration" originated. At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Huan Xuan ordered the abolition of bamboo slips and the use of yellow paper.
"Heaven and earth are black and yellow," the ancients regarded yellow as the color of the earth and the representative of the sun's rays. Yellow symbolizes supremacy, orthodoxy, and light.
Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, zhehuang has become the color of the emperor's regular clothes. Zhao Kuangyin's mutiny at Chenqiao, wearing a yellow robe, made zhehuang the color of imperial power. The Ming Dynasty explicitly prohibited ministers and commoners from wearing yellow clothes, including ginger yellow, willow yellow, and other shades of yellow.
The luster of gold and copper coins makes yellow synonymous with warmth, vitality, abundance, and joy.