This is the Manhae Han Yong-un Memorial Hall in Hongseong-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea.
This is the Manhae Han Yong-un Memorial Hall in Hongseong-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea.
Buddhist Renewal Theory
After returning from Japan in 1908, after experiencing the situation and Buddhism and Western philosophy in Korea, he completed the "Joseon Buddhist Renewal Theory" at Baekdamsa Temple in 1910 in order to reform the current state of affairs in Joseon Buddhism. Through "Joseon Buddhist Renewal Theory", Manhae declared the position of the opening of the Buddhist assembly through theology, such as the issue of victorious education for saving sentient beings, the issue of proclamation, and the interpretation of scriptures. He also argued that the non-religious, non-social, irrational, native, and superstitious elements and customary tips that were eating away at the Buddhist community's culture should be eliminated, and that Buddhism should return to its original stance and establish an ethics based on pure faith.
Buddhist Encyclopedia
Published at Beomeosa Temple on April 30, 1914. The "Joseon Buddhist Renewal Theory" compiled in 1910 urged the Buddhist community to reform, and since the Buddhist scriptures such as the standard sutras were difficult for the general public to understand, he began writing a Buddhist doctrine book in Korean to increase the general public's understanding of Buddhism. The "Buddhist Encyclopedia" is the first book to break away from the conventional compilation method of focusing on the sutras and was compiled by reorganizing the three chapters of the sutras and vinaya theories by subject.
Mandang
Mandang was a secret organization of the Joseon Buddhist Youth Alliance that began with the Joseon Buddhist Youth Association in 1920 and was reorganized in response to the formation of the Singanhoe in 1927. The organization became visible around May 1930, and the key figures who launched Mandang included Jo Hak-ryu, Kim Beop-rin, Kim Sang-ho, and Lee Yong-jo. Mandang was a secret organization that practiced the spirit of Manhae’s popularization of Buddhism and anti-Japanese national Buddhism, and its principles, which were the principles, advocated separation of religion and state, establishment of religious doctrine, and popularization of Buddhism.
At 2:00 PM on March 1, 1919, all 29 national representatives, excluding Gil Seon-ju, Yu Yeo-dae, Jeong Chun-su, and Kim Byeong-jo, gathered in the separate room of Taehwagwan. Lee Jong-il placed the 100 or so copies of the Declaration of Independence that he had printed on the table and showed them to the national representatives. Since the national representatives had already read it before, he decided to skip the reading of the Declaration of Independence and asked Mr. Han Yong-un to eat. Han Yong-un made a brief declaration speech, saying, “We have gathered today to declare the independence of Joseon, and this is a glorious day. As representatives of the people, we have a great responsibility to make this declaration. From now on, we must work together and pray for the independence of Joseon.” He then declared the “Declaration of Independence” complete and shouted “Long Live Independence” three times. Following this, the Japanese police, who had received a report from the owner of Taehwagwan, were dispatched and all 29 representatives of the people were arrested and detained. Han Yong-un, who became a monk under the mentorship of Yeongok Seonsa at Baekdamsa Temple in Seorak Mountain in 1905, initiated a reform movement in the Buddhist community by publishing “The Theory of Renewing Korean Buddhism,” a practical guidebook that deplored the state of Korean Buddhism in the 1910s, which was rife with contradictions and corruption, and proposed reform measures. In 1914, he published the Buddhist Encyclopedia, and in 1918, he published Yusim, making efforts to popularize Buddhism as well as to promote national consciousness. Han Yong-un's activities led to his active participation in the March 1st Movement in 1919, and he participated as a national representative with Seon Master Baek Yong-seong (1864-1940), signed the Declaration of Independence, and after the Declaration of Independence ceremony at Taehwagwan, he was arrested by the Japanese police and released from Gyeongseong Prison on December 22, 1921.
Summary of Impressions on Korean Independence
Freedom is the life of all things, and peace is the happiness of life. Therefore, a person without freedom is like a dead corpse, and a person who has suffered the most is the one who suffers the most. The surroundings of a person who is oppressed turn into a grave, and the surroundings of a person who is obsessed with righteousness become hell, so the most ideal foundation of happiness in the world is freedom and peace. Therefore, in order to gain freedom, we must regard statements as trucks, and in order to keep peace, we must accept recovery. This is both a right and a duty in life. However, true freedom is limited by not being calm about the freedom of others, and predatory freedom becomes an immigrant freedom that destroys peace. Also, since the spirit of peace lies in peace, equality becomes the counterpart of freedom. Therefore, oppressive peace is nothing but asceticism, true freedom is necessarily accompanied by peace, and sleepy peace is necessarily accompanied by freedom. Indeed, freedom and peace are the demands of all mankind.
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